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COCA DE VERDURAS

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Eduardo Soler

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Eduardo Soler

La coca de verduras es un plato típico de Catalunya, que consiste básicamente en un pan plano con una ensalada de verduras como cobertura.

 

Este plato está extendido por el Mediterráneo con las adaptaciones y particularidades  en cuanto a ingredientes y modalidades propias de cada lugar, así está la coca de trempó en las islas baleares. También existen otras cocas tanto dulces como saladas y con muchas otras coberturas generando ambigüedad en el nombre del plato, por ejemplo la coca de San Juan es dulce, la coca de recape que además de verduras tiene sardinas o atún, la coca de escalivada donde los vegetales son asados a las brasas (principalmente pimiento, berenjena y cebolla). Conocí este plato durante mi visita a Barcelona donde tuve la oportunidad de probar la coca escalivada (salada) y la coca vidré (dulce con sabor anisado, el lector interesado puede verla en mi blog en el link  coca de vidrio).

 

Para la masa del pan tampoco hay una sola receta, no está exenta de lo que le pasa a los platos tradicionales, hay tantas recetas como cocineros y todos dicen tener la original. Algunas son finas otras un poco más gruesas, unas llevan levadura otras no, en cuanto a la materia grasa algunas llevan grasa cerdo y aceite de oliva pero otras llevan solo aceite de oliva, el líquido suele ser cerveza, agua, leche o mezclas, otras llevan huevo. Después de examinar una veintena de recetas he llegado a la conclusión que existen variaciones de las proporciones entre la harina, líquido y materia grasa de una receta a otra, pero que se deben respetar ciertas cantidades para que quede una masa friable muy fácil de cortar con los dientes después de la cocción, aproximadamente un 30-40% de materia grasa y un 40-50% de líquido humectante.

 

En cuanto al procesamiento hay también dos formas de hacer la masa con resultados similares:

  1. Agregando los líquidos a la harina y amasar agregando líquido a la masa si fuera necesario.
  2. Agregando harina a los líquidos  y amasar agregando harina a la masa si fuera necesario.

No importa el procedimiento, lo que importa es el resultado: una masa tierna y plástica.

 

En este post presento dos cocas: una coca de verduras hecha con una ensalada mezcla de vegetales cocidos a la llama y vegetales crudos muy fácil de hacer e ideal para una cena o una picada de verano con una cerveza bien fría y otra coca que me tomé la licencia de agregarle huevo y salsa bechamel que quedó exquisita. También probé dos masas diferentes una con levadura y otra sin levadura y a la vez con dos procedimientos diferentes resultando ambas satisfactorias.

 

COCA DE VERDURAS

 

Ingredientes para la masa:

300 gr de harina, 50 cc de aceite de oliva, 50 gr de grasa de cerdo, 150 cc de agua, 25 gr de levadura fresca, 1 cdita de sal, 1 cdita de azúcar.

 

Ensalada de cobertura:

1 pimiento rojo y 1 pimiento verde, 1 zuchini cortado en rodajas, 1/2 berenjena cortada en rodajas, 2 tomates perita sin semillas cortados en cubitos, 1/2 cebolla cortada en pluma,  aceite c/n, vinagre c/n, orégano a gusto, perejil, 1 cda pimentón, sal y pimienta a gusto.

 

Preparación de la masa con levadura:

 

Preparar una esponja con la levadura, el agua, 1 cda de harina y 1 cdita de azúcar para activar la levadura, tapar con un film y comenzará en unos minutos a burbujear y estará lista para agregar a la masa:

 

DSC04718.JPG

 

En un bowl colocar la harina con la sal y revolver en seco hasta homogeneizar la mezcla. Agregar la esponja y mezclar bien a efectos de que la levadura tome contacto con su alimento:

 

DSC01905.JPG

 

Fundir la grasa de cerdo calentando un poquito al microondas o en la hornalla de la cocina y mezclarla con el aceite de oliva. Es importante respetar el orden ya que si se invirtiera la grasa haría de aislante de la humedad afectando la fermentación. Agregar la mezcla de materia grasa al bowl con la harina y revolver:

 

 

DSC01908.JPG


Pasar la masa a la mesada y amasar un poco hasta integrar los ingredientes. Una recomendación es no amasar mucho a efectos de no desarrollar mucho gluten que le hará perder friabilidad a la masa (esto es que se ponga muy gomosa y luego de la cocción sea difícil cortar con los dientes). Si vemos que le falta humedad  se deberá agregar agua en pequeñas cantidades hasta obtener una masa tierna.

 

El resultado será una masa plástica con la textura que se ve en la fotografía siguiente, cuando se hunda un dedo deberá quedar la marca:

 

DSC01910.JPG

 

Poner la masa a leudar en el bowl tapado sobre una tablita por unos 40 min en un ambiente cálido hasta que la masa aumente un poco el volumen, no se levantará mucho pues tiene mucha materia grasa: 

 

 

DSC01921.JPG

 

Preparación de la cobertura:

 

Mientras dura el leudado podemos preparar las verduras, comenzando por cocinar a la llama los pimientos, es una forma de asar pero sin usar brasas, esto le dará un leve sabor ahumado, sin duda que si se puede hacer a las brasas es mejor ya agregará el sabor de la leña, pero este método es rápido y deja un sabor ahumado muy rico en los vegetales:

 

DSC01901.JPG

 

Pelar los pimientos y cortar en cuadrados de 2 cm x 2 cm:  

 

DSC01915.JPG

 

En un bowl preparar la ensalada con el resto de los ingredientes y el aderezo:

 

DSC01917.JPG

 

Armado de la coca:

 

Después del leudado cortar la masa en dos trozos y estirar con palote. Levantar la masa ayudándose con el palote y depositarla sobre una placa de horno rociada con rocío vegetal o untada en aceite: 

 

DSC01928.JPG

 

Colocar la ensalada como cobertura y llevarla a un horno a 180ºC por 20-25 min y luego gratinar 2 min en la salamandra del horno:

 

DSC01930.JPG

 

Una ver horneada, pasar la coca a una tabla y rociar con un hilo de aceite de oliva y servir caliente.

El resultado será el siguiente, una rica coca que se puede acompañar con una cervecita bien fría:

 

DSC01934.JPG

 

 

 

 

COCA DE VERDURAS CON HUEVO Y BECHAMEL


Ingredientes para la masa:

300 gr de harina, 125 cc de aceite de oliva, 125 cc de cerveza o agua, 1 cdita de sal.


Cobertura de espárragos, huevo y bechamel:

1 ramito de espárragos blanqueados, 2 tomates peritas sin semillas cortados en cubitos, 1 ramito de cebolla de verdeo cortada en aros finos de 3 mm  de espesor, 2 huevos duros picados, 7-8 aceitunas picadas, 300 cc de salsa bechamel fluida, sal marina a gusto.

 

Blanquear los espárragos al vapor o hervirlos un par de minutos para que estén tiernos y luego cortar la cocción con agua fría esto hará que se pongan bien verdes.

 

Bechamel fluida:

300 cc de leche, 15 gr de mantequilla, 15 gr de harina,  sal, pimienta y nuez moscada a gusto.

 

En un recipiente colocar la harina y la mantequilla, fundir la mantequilla y hacer un roux con la harina, cocinar 1 minuto y agregar la leche fría. Pasar a un baño maría y revolver continuamente hasta espesar. Condimentar con sal, pimienta y nuez moscada a gusto. Deberá quedar con la textura como se ve en la fotografía siguiente:

 

DSC01976.JPG


Preparación de la masa sin levadura:

 

Esta masa es una receta más común, es más fácil de hacer y el resultado es muy bueno.

 

Poner en un bowl la cerveza, el agua y la sal, revolver y disolver la sal. Agregar el aceite.

 

DSC01952.JPG

 

 

Finalmente agregar la harina de a poco y revolver hasta aglutinar. Si vemos que falta harina agregar más pero solo lo necesario:

 

DSC01956.JPG

 

 

Pasar a la mesada y amasar hasta obtener una masa tierna. La recomendación de amasar poco también es válida para esta otra.

Poner a descansar la masa envuelta en film a temperatura ambiente 10-15 min, este descanso es necesario para relajar el gluten y luego facilitar el estirado.

 

Armado de la coca:

 

Estirar la masa finita y levantarla ayudándose con el palote y  colocarla sobre una placa para horno rociada con rocío vegetal o untada con aceite:

 

DSC01981.JPG

 

Distribuir la cobertura de los espárragos, el tomate, la cebolla de verdeo, las aceitunas y el huevo duro como se muestra en la fotografía siguiente (se pueden ver espárragos de varios grosores porque son productos de mi huerta y no los selecciono, por lo que utilizo todo):

 

DSC01983.JPG

 

Agregar la salsa bechamel:

 

DSC01987.JPG

 

Hornear a 180ºC unos 20-25 min y gratinar 2 min en la salamandra del horno.

 

Una vez horneada, pasar la coca a una tabla y rociar con un hilo de aceite de oliva, espolvorear unos granos de sal marina y servir caliente. Acompañar con un vino blanco frío o una cerveza fría.

 

DSC01993.JPG

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Eduardo Soler
El 6/1/2018 at 13:39, Maqui dijo:

Qué riquísimas, me han encantado.

Yo tengo masa en la nevera y tenía pensado precisamente hacer coca. 

Gracias por compartir.

Me alegro que te gusten, no estaba muy convencido de publicar este post porque se trata de un plato tradicional español y por allí me parecía un atrevimiento de mi parte innovarle el topping.

 

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